Part 1: Interpretation and limitation of liability#

1. Defined terms#

In the articles, unless the context requires otherwise:

  • “articles” means the company’s articles of association;

  • “bankruptcy” includes individual insolvency proceedings in a jurisdiction other than England and Wales or Northern Ireland which have an effect similar to that of bankruptcy;

  • “chairman” has the meaning given in article 12;

  • “chairman of the meeting” has the meaning given in article 25;

  • “Companies Acts” means the Companies Acts (as defined in section 2 of the Companies Act 2006), in so far as they apply to the company;

  • “director” means a director of the company, and includes any person occupying the position of director, by whatever name called;

  • “document” includes, unless otherwise specified, any document sent or supplied in electronic form;

  • “electronic form” has the meaning given in section 1168 of the Companies Act 2006;

  • “member” has the meaning given in section 112 of the Companies Act 2006;

  • “ordinary resolution” has the meaning given in section 282 of the Companies Act 2006;

  • “participate”, in relation to a directors’ meeting, has the meaning given in article 10;

  • “proxy notice” has the meaning given in article 31;

  • “special resolution” has the meaning given in section 283 of the Companies Act 2006;

  • “subsidiary” has the meaning given in section 1159 of the Companies Act 2006;

  • “writing” means the representation or reproduction of words, symbols or other information in a visible form by any method or combination of methods, whether sent or supplied in electronic form or otherwise.

Unless the context otherwise requires, other words or expressions contained in these articles bear the same meaning as in the Companies Act 2006 as in force on the date when these articles become binding on the company.

2. Liability of members#

The liability of each member is limited to £1, being the amount that each member undertakes to contribute to the assets of the company in the event of its being wound up while he is a member or within one year after he ceases to be a member, for:

  1. payment of the company’s debts and liabilities contracted before he ceases to be a member;

  2. payment of the costs, charges and expenses of winding up; and

  3. adjustment of the rights of the contributories among themselves.